Adding Reply Archived Topic: It will not be bumped to the top of the forum. Topic I need help on this question?!? POINTS!! Membername   Not a member? Sign Up Free (takes 20 seconds) Password   Forgotten your password? Post Font: Verdana Arial Black Georgia Comic Sans Impact   Size: Tiny Normal Big Huge   Color: Default Dark Red Red Orange Brown Green Olive Cyan Blue Dark Blue Indigo Black [ Check Spelling ] [ Post Preview ] [ LiveTags ] FAQ Keyword Search: Post Options Favorites Manager Notify me of new replies to this topic by email Notify me of new replies to this topic by private message Original Post anc8469 Posted at 3:10 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 1. How many amino acids are there? Codons? 2. What transfers the amino acids to the site of protein synthesis? 3. What is this process called? 4. Where does protein synthesis take place? 5. What is the name of the 3 nucleotide sequence on tRNA? 6. What is the name of the bonds between amino acids? 7. Explain transcription, translation, and protein synthesis.  **ON A 10TH GRADE LEVEL!!**

Replies filliam Posted at 3:24 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:21 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:20 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:18 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:15 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:13 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:12 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 theres no such thing as an amino acid. biology is a load of bullshit made up by the governments to make it sound like they know the human body...but they don't   Shush, newbie, and go back to your failure media degree.   Scientists at work.     don't make me get in an agreement about science. or should i call it bullshit? drop biology, its retarded and its just a bunch of stupid idiots trying to sound smart   The sciences are the only true subjects. Any other course I can guarantee you I can pass without putting any effort into whatsoever.   You wouldn't exist without science and scientific development. I feel passionately about biology as I wish to become a Biotechnician at degree level, you can't honestly expect me to not defend this topic.   You're probably an Art student. Expression is worthless, enjoy being a failure to life.    actually im a social science kid. i believe that religion trumphs science. im not a religious freak or anything either, like i never go to church. i just think that learning about the world and the social issues of today is a lot more important You believe religion trumps science? This conversation is over, i'm going to go and laugh for a few more minutes elsewhere. You're a funny kid, I'll give you that. ok fine.  im going to go laugh at your opinion also.  i think your a funny one also. kunlejnr Posted at 3:23 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 no 6:covalent bond no 7:DNA Structure In all organisms, the instructions for specifying the characteristics of the organism are DNA, a large molecule formed from four kinds subunits.  Each subunit consists of three parts: a sugar, a phosphate and a base.  The bases are represented by the letters A, G, C, and T.  The sequence of the bases in the DNA determines the genetic code. DNA is double stranded.  One strand is bonded or connected to the other via base pairing.   A pairs with T and G pairs with C.  The shape of the DNA molecule resembles that of a "twisted ladder". DNA Replication Each DNA molecule in a cell forms a single chromosome.  Reproduction requires that the DNA be copied or replicated.  This process begins with the separation of the weak hydrogen bonds that hold the two DNA strands together.  The two single strands will each become a template or pattern for a new DNA molecule.  New subunits attach to each of the strands.  A links with T, and G with C.  Two new identical DNA molecules are formed. You should be able to design and simulate the use of a genetic code. Transcription, Translation, Protein Synthesis Evidence strongly suggests that a genetic code exists.  This code contains information for the sequence of amino acids in a particular protein.  The code is present in messenger RNA molecules, which are complementary to DNA molecules.  The RNA code is a triplet code (codon) based on various sequences of three bases in the messenger RNA molecule.  DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of messenger RNA from free RNA subunits.  An RNA subunit, like DNA consists of a phosphate, a sugar and a base.  The messenger RNA molecules, carrying a specific code determined by the base sequence of the original DNA molecules, move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where they become associated with ribosomes.  Specific transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules pick up and transfer specific amino acid molecules, found in the cytoplasm, to the ribosome.  At the ribosome, each specific transfer RNA molecule has an anticodon that bonds to a particular codon.  Particular protein strands or chains are formed as the amino acids associated with the transfer RNA molecules are bonded in a sequence determined by the base sequence of the messenger RNA.   Vocabulary: Deoxyribose, ribose, nucleotides, nitrogen bases, adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, hydrogen bonds, amino acid chain, polypeptide, protein, You should be able to Transcribe and translate DNA codes, Simulate the process of protein synthesis  Hypothesize about the ramifications of a mistake happening during the transcription of DNA, Explain the importance of the triplet model.  Know the differences between RNA and DNA. Mutations Any change in the sequence of DNA is a mutation.  Mutations occur spontaneously at low rates.  Some of these changes make no difference to the organism, whereas others can change cells and organisms.  Only mutations in gametes can create the variation that changes an organism's offspring.  Gene mutations include the addition and or deletion of bases in the DNA sequence.  The substitution of one base for another base in the DNA sequence is a mutation as well.  Gene mutations are likely to result in a change in the protein that is assembled.  Incorrect protein assembly may result in incorrect folding of the protein molecule, changing the shape of the protein.  This could cause a malfunction. Gene mutation in a cell can result in uncontrolled cell division, called cancer.  Exposure of cells to certain chemicals or radiation increases mutations and thus increases the chance of cancer. You should be able to Investigate how random mutations occur, Explain how Sickle Cell Anemia and other genetic diseases are the result of gene mutations, Apply real world research to communicate knowledge and information DNA and Inheritance Offspring resemble their parents because they inherit similar genes that code for the production of proteins that form similar structures and perform similar functions. These traits are protein-dependent traits.  Examples of protein-dependent traits include:  Hair texture, Skin tone - the amount of skin color pigment. If the parent's DNA codes for a non-functioning protein, the offspring may also produce the same non-functioning protein.  For example: Albinism - unable to produce the normal amount of skin color pigment. All cells of an organism are descendants of the single fertilized egg cell and have the same DNA information.  As successive generations of cells form by division, small differences in their immediate environments cause them to develop slightly differently, by activating or inactivating different parts of the DNA information.  Later generations of cells differ still further and eventually mature into cells as different as gland, muscle, and nerve cells.  You should be able to Formulate a hypothesis to explain the relationship between protein production and traits.  Genetic Engineering Selective breeding is a type of genetic engineering in which humans select a few organisms with desirable traits to serve as parents of the next generation.  Examples of selective breeding include: Animals are selective bred to obtain meat products that contain less fat. Fruits and vegetables are bred to be larger, sweeter, juicier, etc. Farmers crossbreed 2 different bean plants, each possessing a desirable trait in order to produce offspring that possess both traits. Cloning is the process of producing a group of genetically identical offspring from the cells of an organism.  This technique shows great promise in agriculture.  Plants with desirable qualities can be rapidly produced from the cells of a single plant.  The cloning of animals such as "Dolly" is continuing to advance. Gene manipulation is a type of genetic engineering in which the DNA instructions of farm plants and animals are altered in order for them to possess beneficial traits.  This is accomplished through gene splicing. Gene splicing involves the use of special enzymes to cut DNA segments, which are moved and attached to the DNA of a new organism.  The resulting altered DNA is called recombinant DNA. Examples of gene manipulation include:  Producing plants that possess the genes for making a chemical to protect themselves from their prey, producing bacteria that possess the gene for producing insulin There are special enzymes that can be used to produce copies of small amounts of DNA that is useful in amplifying the sample of saliva or blood found at a crime scene.  The ability to copy and re-copy trace amounts enables criminal investigators to obtain a large enough sample for testing. The DNA of bacteria can be manipulated to include the gene for producing human insulin.  When bacteria reproduce, its offspring will inherit the altered gene and will also be able to produce human insulin.  This enables manufacturers of insulin to produce large quantities since bacteria population growth is exponential. You should be able to Diagram the process of genetic engineering Increasing knowledge of genetics and biotechnology is expanding the possibilities in health care.  Finding mutated genes that cause diseases lead the way for preventions and cures.  The use of genetic engineering to mass-produce insulin, interferon and human growth hormone enables pharmaceutical companies to reduce their cost.  Demonstrate an understanding of the benefits of biotechnology. For the rest ..Hit me up Lihiro Posted at 3:21 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:20 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:18 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:15 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:13 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:12 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 theres no such thing as an amino acid.  biology is a load of bullshit made up by the governments to make it sound like they know the human body...but they don't        Shush, newbie, and go back to your failure media degree.        Scientists at work.     don't make me get in an agreement about science.  or should i call it bullshit?  drop biology, its retarded and its just a bunch of stupid idiots trying to sound smart    The sciences are the only true subjects. Any other course I can guarantee you I can pass without putting any effort into whatsoever.    You wouldn't exist without science and scientific development. I feel passionately about biology as I wish to become a Biotechnician at degree level, you can't honestly expect me to not defend this topic.    You're probably an Art student. Expression is worthless, enjoy being a failure to life. actually im a social science kid.  i believe that religion trumphs science.  im not a religious freak or anything either, like i never go to church.  i just think that learning about the world and the social issues of today is a lot more important You believe religion trumps science? This conversation is over, i'm going to go and laugh for a few more minutes elsewhere. You're a funny kid, I'll give you that. the seer Posted at 3:21 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 there are 20 amino acids, 10 of those we can produce in our bodys the others must be gained from our diet.  tRNA (or transfer ribo neculeic acid) trasports these amino acids to the site of protein synthesis where they undergo a process called translation. a Condon is an mRNA base triplet. why? filliam Posted at 3:20 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:18 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:15 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:13 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:12 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 theres no such thing as an amino acid. biology is a load of bullshit made up by the governments to make it sound like they know the human body...but they don't   Shush, newbie, and go back to your failure media degree.   Scientists at work.    don't make me get in an agreement about science. or should i call it bullshit? drop biology, its retarded and its just a bunch of stupid idiots trying to sound smart The sciences are the only true subjects. Any other course I can guarantee you I can pass without putting any effort into whatsoever. You wouldn't exist without science and scientific development. I feel passionately about biology as I wish to become a Biotechnician at degree level, you can't honestly expect me to not defend this topic. You're probably an Art student. Expression is worthless, enjoy being a failure to life. actually im a social science kid.  i believe that religion trumphs science.  im not a religious freak or anything either, like i never go to church.  i just think that learning about the world and the social issues of today is a lot more important Lihiro Posted at 3:18 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:15 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:13 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:12 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 theres no such thing as an amino acid.  biology is a load of bullshit made up by the governments to make it sound like they know the human body...but they don't    Shush, newbie, and go back to your failure media degree.    Scientists at work. don't make me get in an agreement about science.  or should i call it bullshit?  drop biology, its retarded and its just a bunch of stupid idiots trying to sound smart The sciences are the only true subjects. Any other course I can guarantee you I can pass without putting any effort into whatsoever. You wouldn't exist without science and scientific development. I feel passionately about biology as I wish to become a Biotechnician at degree level, you can't honestly expect me to not defend this topic. You're probably an Art student. Expression is worthless, enjoy being a failure to life. filliam Posted at 3:17 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from anc8469 at 3:16 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 5:15 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:13 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:12 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 theres no such thing as an amino acid. biology is a load of bullshit made up by the governments to make it sound like they know the human body...but they don't   Shush, newbie, and go back to your failure media degree.   Scientists at work.    don't make me get in an agreement about science.  or should i call it bullshit?  drop biology, its retarded and its just a bunch of stupid idiots trying to sound smart  I don't see you answering any of these questions! sorry.  i believe there are 8 amino acids. ps drop bio MixedDelight Posted at 3:17 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 1. There are 20 amino acids 2.Are you talking about translation? Like, bio synthesis? 3. Post Translational modification :s oh god,  dropped science in grade 11. i those are right though. What do I win? Lihiro Posted at 3:16 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 In answer to your further questions... 4. Ribosomes. 5. It's there but I can't get it. 6. Peptide bonds. 7. Transcription is the movement of the amino acids to the translation site, the ribosome. Once there translation takes place in which the code is "unzipped" and an mRNA/tRNA (can't remember which) attaches itself to the code... And that's as far as I can remember. I hope I helped a little. :[ anc8469 Posted at 3:16 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 5:15 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:13 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:12 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 theres no such thing as an amino acid.  biology is a load of bullshit made up by the governments to make it sound like they know the human body...but they don't    Shush, newbie, and go back to your failure media degree.    Scientists at work. don't make me get in an agreement about science. or should i call it bullshit? drop biology, its retarded and its just a bunch of stupid idiots trying to sound smart I don't see you answering any of these questions! filliam Posted at 3:15 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 3:13 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:12 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 theres no such thing as an amino acid. biology is a load of bullshit made up by the governments to make it sound like they know the human body...but they don't Shush, newbie, and go back to your failure media degree. Scientists at work. don't make me get in an agreement about science.  or should i call it bullshit?  drop biology, its retarded and its just a bunch of stupid idiots trying to sound smart anc8469 Posted at 3:15 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from Lihiro at 5:12 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 1) 20 main amino acids, I think. No idea about codons. 2) I think it's the Golgi apparatus that transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes, I might need some backing up on that though. 3) This process is called transcription. I thought it was the Golgi apparatus also I just wasn't for sure on that. StereoRock9 Posted at 3:13 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 2 codons...i think Lihiro Posted at 3:13 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 Quote: from filliam at 3:12 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 theres no such thing as an amino acid.  biology is a load of bullshit made up by the governments to make it sound like they know the human body...but they don't Shush, newbie, and go back to your failure media degree. Scientists at work. Lihiro Posted at 3:12 pm on Oct. 20, 2008 1) 20 main amino acids, I think. No idea about codons. 2) I think it's the Golgi apparatus that transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes, I might need some backing up on that though. 3) This process is called transcription. Most recent 15 of 17 previous replies displayed.